First of all you will need to decide what are you really interested to see on your journey? Is it town architecture, religious places, scenic nature or railway infrastructure of different countries etc. A lot depends on your preferences
Once you have done it, then it’s the time to plan exact route. Routes can be rather different – from the fastest/shortest one to the longest. You can go via France, Switzerland, Austria or via Netherlands, Germany, Czech republic and Slovakia etc. – the range of routes are really huge as well as number of destinations you can visit .
In case of train tickets, in our opinion, you have to major options:
1) Look for discounted fares and offers (mainly requires purchase in advance and bound for exact timing and train). With minimum stops (let’s say 2-3) you can do the whole route quite cheap in such case (generally saying in less than 100 euro)
2) If you are more into looking around (as you mentioned) than you might consider purchasing one regular international through ticket. It allows you to make unlimited stops on your route and valid for up to 2 month – like a railpass, but for specific route, which you should specify to the cashier while purchasing it. For example, such ticket for Calais-Budapest routes start from 200+ euro one way.