The good thing is that you already have a clear sum for comparison, thus at the end you can exactly see which options suits your itinerary better. To start with it's nice to have a daily price of the pass, in your case 567/30=18,9. Within your itinerary it means that any day (from those 30) you travel for sum > than 18,9 pass 'wins' you money, but if not (regular point-to-point ticket costs less or you simply don't travel at that day) - you lose.
Barcelona-Avignon: unfortunately for you it's basically impossible to travel overnight here, since there is only a few expensive Elipsos trains departing Barcelona and going north (Paris, Zurich and Milan), but neither is good for you. And not only because of expensive obligatory reservations, but also since they don't stop anywhere besides Perpignan and then already Italy or Switzerland. So day travel it is.
First you'll need to catch regional train Barcelona-PortBou-Cerbere, standard full ticket fare just around 12 EUR, while already in Cerbere (as first French station) you can catch further trains that can get you to Avignon. Here full ticket cost essentially more - 40,7 EUR
Regarding your 'Aries': are you sure that you meant Aries? Maybe you meant Arles, which is near Avignon?
Avignon-Nice: here you can actually catch high-speed TGV trains, which will get you to Nice in like 3 hours + you can do it cheaply, since French railways sell discounted tickets (TGV Prem's) in such cases. So here you can travel for as low as 20 EUR, but will need to purchase such non-exchangeable/non-refundable ticket in advance online (tgv-europe.com). Full ticket Avignon-Nice cost 40-50+ EUR depending on connection.
Nice-Monaco: standard full fare ticket cost just 3,6 EUR. But
bus is obviously cheaper.
Monaco-Cinque Terre: not sure where exactly in Cinque Terre you plan to stop, but you'll anyway will need to travel first Nice/Monaco-Ventimiglia (first Italian station), while already from there go further. Monaco-Ventimiglia full train ticket cost only 4 EUR. While from Ventimiglia to the farthest part of Cinque Terre - La Spezia full fare ticket for regional train cost 17,7 EUR, Ventimiglia-Genoa 12,8 EUR, Ventimiglia-Milan 21,65 EUR.
Also in Italy for a longer distance it makes to use fast and high-speed trains for which you can as well purchase discounted tickets (MINI offer) starting from 9 EUR. So from Ventimiglia you can also prefer fast InterCity train to Genoa/La Spezia/Milan and pay even less than regional train fare. The only inconvenience is that again such tickets are in limited number, thus need to be purchased in advance.
Milan-Venice: same as above, you basically have two major options: a) purchase in advance MINI offer ticket for InterCity or EuroStar trains (can be done via
TrenItalia website); b) don't bother buying anything in advance, but just use cheaper regional trains, then you'll pay just 17,95 EUR for Milan-Venice no matter when you buy the ticket.
And pretty much same thing with Venice-Florence, Florence-Rome, Rome-Napoli (with further idea to visit Sorrento) and again Napoli-Rome.
Budapest-Vienna: and once again two major option: a)
purchase in advance discounted one-way ticket, which costs only 13 EUR or b) don't bother and get regular one for 25 EUR even 5 min. before departure.
Vienna-Prague: here difference between discounted ticket (29 EUR) and full fare ticket (60,4 EUR) is greater, thus it makes sense to opt for the discounted ticket option. It can be purchase from
Austrian railways websitePrague-Munich: discounted ticket here as well start form 29 EUR, while full fare is 65 EUR, thus again in case it's possible in advance purchase of the discounted ticket preferred. It can be done either via
Czech railways website or
German railways website. But with Prague-Munich it's not the only option for group, since you can also get Bavaria-Bohemia ticket (Bayern-Böhmen-Ticket), it cost only 34 EUR and allows group up to 5 people travel in Bavaria and neighboring regions of Czech Republic. In case of Prague-Munich trip it's valid from Plzen, while for Prague-Plzen segment you can just get domestic Czech ticket (as low as just 300 CZK for all three). You won't even need to change trains in Plzen, but just board Prague-Plzen-Munich direct train and before Plzen show conductor Czech domestic ticket, while then your Bavaria-Bohemia group ticket.
So your task now is to go over all the above info, check out websites and fares we described, then sit and count your actual travel days and finally do the math
If you'll have any question in between or just can't/having trouble finding something etc., then we are glad to answer any further questions